The Budgie Genetics Guide Main Page is Under Construction. However, the mutation-specific pages are complete and have been up and running. Below are summaries of most of the known budgie mutations. Click on a mutation in the list below to bring up in-depth details and punnet square examples. A general explanation of how the genetics work and the terms used in these pages will be included on this page in the future. (Posted 11.27.06)

• Base Color - The base color can be either yellow or white. The yellow base color "B" is dominant to the white base color "b." Click for details.
• Dark Factor - A budgie can have none, one, or two dark factors, which all produce different visual results. This is because the dark factor gene "D" is semi-dominant to the normal gene "d." Click for details.
• Grey Factor - The grey factor gene "G" is dominant to the normal gene "g." Click for details.
• Violet Factor - The violet factor creates different visual results based on the base color as well as dark factor. Genetically, however, the violet factor gene "V" is semi-dominant to the normal gene "v." Click for details.
• Dilution - There are three different dilution genes that affect the visual result of a budgie: The dominant normal gene "C," the greywing gene "c^g" and the clearwing gene "c^w" which are co-dominant with each other and recessive to normal, and the recessive dilute gene "c^d." Click for details.
• Yellowface - Yellowface genetics are complicated. See Gene Function in Yellowface Budgerigars by Peter Bergman.
• Lutino/Albino - The ino gene is sex-linked, meaning it is on the X chromosome. Click for details.

• Opaline - The opaline gene is sex-linked, meaning it is on the X chromosome. Click for details.
• Spangle - A single-factor spangle is visually different from a double-factor spangle. This is because the spangle gene "S" is semi-dominant to the normal gene "s". Click for details.
• Cinnamon - The cinnamon gene is sex-linked, meaning it is on the X-chromosome. Click for details.

• Dominant Pied - The dominant pied gene "T" is semi-dominant to the normal gene "t." Click for details.
• Recessive Pied - The normal gene "R" is dominant to the recessive pied gene "r." This means that is takes two recessive pied genes to produce a visually recessive pied budgie. Click for details.
• Clearflight Pied - The clearflight pied gene "P" is dominant to the normal gene "p." Click for details.
• Dark Eyed Clear - Dark-eyed clear is actually a combination of recessive pied and clearflight pied. Click for details.

• Crested - Crested genetics are complicated. See The Crested Budgerigar by Ghalib Al-Nasser.
• Fallow - The normal gene is dominant to the fallow gene. For more information visit Bonsai Fallows.
• Saddleback - The saddleback gene is recessive to the normal gene. For more information see Saddlebacks - A New Mutation in the UK by Ghalib Al-Nasser.
• Clearbody - The clearbody gene is related to the ino gene. The normal gene is dominant to the clearbody gene, which is dominant to the ino gene, which are located on the X-chromosome. For more information, see Clearbodies by Jim Hutton.
• Slate - The slate gene is sex-linked, which means it is on the X-chromosome. For more information see Slates by Deamonn A Mullee.
• Anthracite - Anthracite is a very rare mutation. The anthracite gene is semi-dominant to the normal gene.
• Blackface - Blackface is a very rare mutation. The blackface mutation is recessive to the normal gene.
• Mottled - Mottled is a very rare mutation. The genetics of mottled is unknown. For more information see The Mottle: Variety or Trait by Inte Onsman.
• Half-Sider - Half-sider is not genetically transmitted. It is a congenital condition called tetragametic chimerism. For more information on this condition, click here.